SAT Practice Test

Practice Test 4 (WX4P0010)

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WX4P0010

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6VSL02

Test begins on the next page.

Module

Reading and Writing

33 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS
The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each
question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage
and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s).
All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a
single best answer.

Though not closely related, the hedgehog tenrecs of
Madagascar share basic _______ true hedgehogs,
including protective spines, pointed snouts, and
small body size—traits the two groups of mammals
independently developed in response to equivalent
roles in their respective habitats.
Which choice completes the text with the most
logical and precise word or phrase?
A) examples of
B) concerns about
C) indications of
D) similarities with

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-1 --------~

-2 - - - - - - - - ~
In editor Lisa Yaszek’s introduction to her anthology
The Future Is Female! More Classic Science Fiction
Stories by Women, Yaszek identifies an increasing
sense of _______ feminist mode of writing in the
1970s, in contrast to many woman-authored science
fiction stories of the 1920s to 1960s whose politics
were less deliberately signaled.
Which choice completes the text with the most
logical and precise word or phrase?
A) a prudently
B) an overtly
C) a cordially
D) an inadvertently

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Module

_______ the long-standing trend of overemphasizing
teenagers and young adults in research on social
media use, scholars have recently begun to expand
their focus to include the fastest-growing cohort of
social media users: senior citizens.
Which choice completes the text with the most
logical and precise word or phrase?
A) Exacerbating
B) Redressing
C) Epitomizing
D) Precluding
4
The following text is adapted from James Baldwin’s
1956 novel Giovanni’s Room. The narrator is riding
in a taxi down a street lined with food vendors and
shoppers in Paris, France.
The multitude of Paris seems to be dressed in
blue every day but Sunday, when, for the most
part, they put on an unbelievably festive black.
Here they were now, in blue, disputing, every
inch, our passage, with their wagons,
handtrucks, their bursting baskets carried at an
angle steeply self-confident on the back.
©1956 by James Baldwin

As used in the text, what does the word “disputing”
most nearly mean?
A) Arguing about
B) Disapproving of
C) Asserting possession of
D) Providing resistance to

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5
While recent scholarship has undermined claims that
the works of twelfth-century Islamic philosopher Ibn
Rushd were _______ other Muslim philosophers of
his time, it is indisputable that his location in the
Muslim-ruled area of what is now Spain meant that
his works were primarily available thousands of miles
west of the era’s center of Islamic thought.
Which choice completes the text with the most
logical and precise word or phrase?
A) controversial among
B) antagonistic toward
C) imitated by
D) inconsequential to

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Module

On painter William H. Johnson’s return to the
United States in 1938 after a decade in Europe, his
style underwent an abrupt transformation. Turning
away from landscapes painted in an expressionist
style—a style that often involves using fluid, distorted
shapes and thick, textured brushstrokes to express
the artist’s subjective experience of reality—Johnson
began painting portraits of Black Americans in a
bold new way. Evocative of African sculpture and
American and Scandinavian folk art, these portraits
feature flat, deliberately oversimplified figures in a
vibrant but limited color palette.
Which choice best describes the function of the
underlined sentence in the text as a whole?
A) It elaborates on the previous sentence’s
statement about a transitional moment in
Johnson’s artistic career.
B) It provides information about Johnson’s travels
in support of a claim about his artistic
influences, which is advanced in the following
sentence.
C) It recounts a moment in Johnson’s personal life
that enabled the success of his subsequent career,
which is summarized in the following sentence.
D) It presents evidence that calls into question the
previous sentence’s characterization of Johnson’s
artistic development.

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7
When classical pianist Martha Argerich performs, it
appears as if the music is coming to her
spontaneously. She’s highly skilled technically, but
because of how freely she plays and her willingness to
take risks, she seems relaxed and natural. Her
apparent ease, however, is due to a tremendous
amount of preparation. Despite Argerich’s
experience and virtuosity, she never takes for granted
that she knows a piece of music. Instead, she
approaches the music as if encountering it for the
first time and tries to understand it anew.
Which choice best states the main purpose of the
text?
A) To provide details about how Argerich identifies
which pieces of music she will perform
B) To assert that Argerich’s performances look
effortless because of how she prepares for them
C) To discuss the kinds of music Argerich feels
most comfortable encountering for the first time
D) To describe the unique way that Argerich
approaches music she hasn’t performed before

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Module

The following text is adapted from Herman
Melville’s 1855 novel Israel Potter. Israel is a young
man wandering through New England during the
late eighteenth century.
He hired himself out for three months; at the
end of that time to receive for his wages
two hundred acres of land lying in New
Hampshire. [...] His employer proving false to
the contract in the matter of the land, and there
being no law in the country to force him to fulfil
it, Israel—who, however brave-hearted, and even
much of a dare-devil upon a pinch, seems
nevertheless to have evinced, throughout many
parts of his career, a singular patience and
mildness—was obliged to look round for other
means of livelihood than clearing out a farm for
himself in the wilderness.
Which choice best describes the function of the
underlined portion in the text as a whole?
A) It implies that Israel treasures a particular
characteristic of his personality when that
characteristic should usually be regarded as a
flaw.
B) It suggests that if not for a certain aspect of his
character, Israel might not have been as easily
thwarted in his ambition to establish a farm.
C) It shows why Israel would not have been able to
undertake the enormous amount of labor
necessary to run a farm even if he had owned the
necessary property.
D) It explains why, when the situation requires it,
Israel is able to undertake courageous acts that
others would generally avoid.

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9
Text 1
In 1954 George Balanchine choreographed a
production of The Nutcracker, a ballet by Pyotr Ilyich
Tchaikovsky. It has since become a tradition for
hundreds of dance companies in North America to
stage The Nutcracker each year. But the show is stuck
in the past, with an old-fashioned story and
references, so it should no longer be produced. Ballet
needs to create new traditions if it wants to stay
relevant to contemporary audiences.
Text 2
The Nutcracker is outdated, but it should be kept
because it’s a holiday favorite and provides
substantial income for some dance companies.
Although it can be behind the times, there are
creative ways to update the show. For example,
Debbie Allen successfully modernized the story. Her
show Hot Chocolate Nutcracker combines ballet, tap,
hip-hop, and other styles, and it has been gaining in
popularity since it opened in 2009.
Based on the texts, how would the author of Text 2
most likely respond to the underlined claim in
Text 1?
A) By questioning the idea that the story of The
Nutcracker is stuck in the past and by rejecting
the suggestion that contemporary audiences
would enjoy an updated version
B) By agreeing that contemporary audiences have
largely stopped going to see performances of The
Nutcracker because it’s so old-fashioned
C) By pointing out that most dance companies
could increase their incomes by offering
modernized versions of The Nutcracker
D) By suggesting that dance companies should
consider offering revised versions of The
Nutcracker instead of completely rejecting the
show

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Module

To understand how Paleolithic artists navigated dark
Maa Ángeles Medina-Alcaide and
caves, archaeologist M
her team tested different lighting methods in a cave
in Spain using replicas of artifacts found in European
caves with art. They used three different Paleolithic
light sources—torches, animal-fat lamps, and
fireplaces—determining that each likely had a
specific purpose. For instance, the team learned that
the animal-fat lamps were less useful than torches
while walking because the lamps didn’t illuminate
the cave floor.
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
A) Medina-Alcaide and her team’s study
demonstrated that fireplaces were essential to the
creators of Paleolithic cave art.
B) Medina-Alcaide and her team discovered that
Paleolithic cave artists in Spain used animal-fat
lamps more often than they used torches.
C) Medina-Alcaide and her team were reluctant to
draw many conclusions from their study because
of the difficulty they had replicating light sources
based on known artifacts.
D) Medina-Alcaide and her team tested Paleolithic
light sources and learned some details about how
Paleolithic artists traveled within dark caves.

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11
Annual Car Production in the United States, 1910–1925
Number
Number of
of cars
companies
Year produced producing cars
1910 123,990
320
1915 548,139
224
1920 1,651,625
197
1925 3,185,881
80
A student is using the table as part of a social studies
class presentation on the US auto industry in the
early twentieth century. The student notes that,
according to the table, from 1910 to 1925 _______
Which choice most effectively uses data from the
table to complete the statement?
A) the number of cars produced increased but the
number of companies producing cars decreased.
B) both the number of cars produced and the
number of companies producing cars remained
unchanged.
C) the number of cars produced decreased but the
number of companies producing cars remained
unchanged.
D) both the number of cars produced and the
number of companies producing cars increased.

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Module

External shopping cues are a type of marketing that
uses obvious messaging—a display featuring a new
product, for example, or a “buy one, get one free”
offer—to entice consumers to make spontaneous
purchases. In a study, data scientist Sam K. Hui and
colleagues found that this effect can also be achieved
with a less obvious cue: rearranging a store’s layout.
The researchers explain that trying to find items in
new locations causes shoppers to move through
more of the store, exposing them to more products
and increasing the likelihood that they’ll buy an item
they hadn’t planned on purchasing.
Which response from a survey given to shoppers
who made a purchase at a retail store best supports
the researchers’ explanation?
A) “I needed to buy some cleaning supplies, but
they weren’t in their regular place. While I was
looking for them, I saw this interesting notebook
and decided to buy it, too.”
B) “I didn’t buy everything on my shopping list
today. I couldn’t find a couple of the items in the
store, even though I looked all over for them.”
C) “The store sent me a coupon for a new brand of
soup, so I came here to find out what kinds of
soup that brand offers. I decided to buy a few
cans because I had the coupon.”
D) “This store is larger than one that’s closer to
where I live, and it carries more products. I came
here to buy some things that the other store
doesn’t always have.”

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13
The 2021 exhibition This Is the Day at Arkansas’s
Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art featured
works dealing with expressions of faith and
spirituality in the Black community. The museum’s
2022 exhibition The Dirty South, meanwhile, focused
on Black culture in the American South from 1920 to
2020, with a particular focus on the intersections
between visual arts and music. Together, these
exhibitions don’t merely highlight the diversity of the
Black experience in the US; they also showcase the
diverse media through which artists have depicted
and engaged with that experience.
Which statement about the exhibitions, if true,
would most directly support the underlined claim?
A) Between them, This Is the Day and The Dirty
South included drawings, paintings,
photographs, sculptures, textiles, videos,
costumes, and music.
B) This Is the Day included works by fewer than
two dozen artists, whereas The Dirty South
included works by more than 80 artists.
C) This Is the Day exclusively included works in the
permanent collection of the museum, whereas
The Dirty South included works from multiple
sources outside the museum.
D) Between them, This Is the Day and The Dirty
South included works depicting more than
300 years of Black experience in the
United States.

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Module

Mean test score (higher scores
indicate greater attentiveness)

Mean Attentiveness Scores by
Leave Time Condition
600
540
480
420
360
300
240
180
120
60
0

first

second

third

Test administration
no leave
□ 2–4 days leave
■

1–5 weeks leave

To investigate potential cognitive benefits of taking
leave from work, psychologist Jan Packer and
colleagues conducted a six-month study of
Australian university staff members who took no
leave from work during the study, took 2–4 days of
leave, or took 1–5 weeks of leave. Tests of
attentiveness were administered to participants three
times during the study: at random for the no-leave
staff, and for the rest, one week before their leave,
one week following their return to work, and one
week after the second test administration. After
analyzing the results, the researchers concluded that
longer leave times might not confer a greater
cognitive benefit than shorter leave times do.

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Which choice best describes data from the graph that
support the researchers’ conclusion?
A) In the second test administration, participants
who took 2–4 days of leave had higher average
attentiveness scores than did those who took no
leave, but in the third test administration, those
who took no leave had higher average scores
than those who took 1–5 weeks of leave.
B) In the first test administration, participants who
took 2–4 days of leave had lower average
attentiveness scores than did those who took
1–5 weeks of leave and those who took no leave.
C) In both the second and third test
administrations, participants who took 2–4 days
of leave had higher average attentiveness scores
than did participants who took 1–5 weeks of
leave.
D) In the second and third test administrations,
participants who took 2–4 days of leave had
higher average attentiveness scores than did
those who took no leave.

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Module

Number of Lizard Species by Average
Percent of Maximal Speed Used When
Pursuing Prey or Escaping Predators
"'
-~
uQ)

9~--------------

8+------------~~-

7
6-+-------------i
5-+-------------i
4+-------------i
3 +--------------r----,--i

2 +--------r----,-------r----,--i

1-+-----<
0 ...,____..__ __,_

Percent of maximal speed

I□ escaping ■ pursuing
It may seem that the optimal strategy for an animal
pursuing prey or escaping predators is to move at
maximal speed, but the energy expense of exploiting
full speed capacity can disfavor such a strategy even
in escape contexts, as evidenced by the fact that
_______
Which choice most effectively uses data from the
graph to complete the text?
A) most lizard species use about the same
percentage of their maximal speed when
escaping predation as they do when pursuing
prey.
B) multiple lizard species move at an average of less
than 90% of their maximal speed while escaping
predation.
C) more lizard species use, on average, 90%–100%
of their maximal speed while escaping predation
than use any other percentage of their maximal
speed.
D) at least 4 lizard species use, on average, less than
100% of their maximal speed while pursuing
prey.

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-15 -

-16 - - - - - - - - Under normal atmospheric pressure at Earth’s
surface, water molecules form a tetrahedral network
stabilized by hydrogen bonds between adjacent
molecules. Extreme high pressure, such as can be
found in deep ocean waters, destabilizes these bonds
and compresses water’s structure, allowing water
molecules within organisms to permeate proteins
and impede crucial biological functions; yet deep-sea
organisms known as piezophiles have adapted to
extreme pressure. Studies have found a positive
correlation between the depths that various
piezophiles inhabit and concentrations of a
compound called trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)
in their muscle tissues, which has led a team of
researchers to hypothesize that TMAO reduces
water’s compressibility.
Which finding, if true, would most directly support
the researchers’ hypothesis?
A) Water molecules are found to be impervious to
TMAO even when the water molecules’
tetrahedral configuration has been distorted by
high pressure.
B) Examination of TMAO’s molecular structure
shows that TMAO molecules retain their shape
even as pressure increases.
C) A positive correlation is found between
concentrations of TMAO and the rate at which
water’s molecular structure compresses as
pressure increases.
D) Analysis of water’s molecular structure under
high pressure reveals that hydrogen bonds are
more stable when TMAO is present than when it
is not.

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Module

The Cretaceous pterosaur Tupandactylus navigans is
known for having an anomalously oversized head
crest. Until an almost complete fossil skeleton was
found in Brazil, paleontologists had been able to
study only skull specimens from T. navigans, though
it was presumed that, like other pterosaurs, the
species’s primary form of locomotion was powered
flight. Examining the fuller skeleton in 2016, Victor
Beccari and his team determined that T. navigans
had long hind legs, short wings, and an unusually
long neck—characteristics that, combined with the
creature’s large-crested head, would have made
sustained flight difficult and walking upright
relatively comfortable. Based on these findings the
team suggests that T. navigans likely _______
Which choice most logically completes the text?
A) flew for longer distances than did other
pterosaur species that had oversized head crests.
B) had longer wings than other pterosaur species
considered to have been comfortable walking.
C) had a smaller head than researchers expected
based on the earlier T. navigans skull specimens.
D) flew for shorter distances and spent more time
walking than researchers previously thought.

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18
Consumer psychologists have theorized that the
likelihood that people who identify as ethical
consumers—meaning that they strive to purchase
goods and services with positive or neutral social and
ecological effects—will purchase a given product
positively correlates with their perception of that
product’s effects. In a recent study of the attitudes of
self-identified ethical consumers toward purchasing
a specific mobile phone coming to market,
researchers found that, on average, study participants
in their twenties rated the phone’s social and
ecological effects much less positively than did
participants in other age groups. All other things
being equal, if consumer psychologists’ theory is
correct, this finding suggests that _______
Which choice most logically completes the text?
A) the phone is less appealing to ethical consumers
in their twenties than other similar phones on
the market are.
B) ethical consumers in their twenties are less likely
to purchase the phone than ethical consumers in
other age groups are.
C) there is not a meaningful difference in the
likelihood of purchasing the phone among
ethical consumers in different age groups.
D) ethical consumers in their twenties are more
likely than ethical consumers in other age groups
to consider a phone’s social and ecological effects
when deciding whether to purchase that phone.

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Module

The Boston Saloon was one of the most popular
African American–owned establishments in
nineteenth-century Nevada. _______ by
businessman William A.G. Brown, the saloon was
known to offer elegant accommodations and an
inclusive environment.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English?
A) Created
B) Creates
C) Creating
D) Create

20 -

Louise Bennett (1919–2006), also known as “Miss
Lou,” was an influential Jamaican poet and folklorist.
Her innovative poems _______ the use of Jamaican
Creole (a spoken language) in literature.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English?
A) popularized;
B) popularized,
C) popularized
D) popularized:

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-19 - - -

-21 - - “He was just the man for such a place, and it was
just the place for such a man.” This line is from
Frederick Douglass’s autobiography Narrative of the
Life of Frederick Douglass (1845). It’s an example of
antimetabole, a writing technique that
_______ emphasis by repeating a statement in a
reversed order.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English?
A) create
B) are creating
C) have created
D) creates
22
Researchers Amit Kumar and Nicholas Epley
investigated how _______ In a series of experiments
conducted in 2022, they found that people
performing small acts of kindness underestimated
the positive effect their actions had on others.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English?
A) do people perceive acts of kindness.
B) do people perceive acts of kindness?
C) people perceive acts of kindness?
D) people perceive acts of kindness.

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Module

In a painting titled “The Milkmaid” by Johannes
Vermeer, the artist prominently features a bread
basket, milk pitcher, and bowl. Such quotidian
objects, depicted in exquisite detail by Vermeer, a
painter celebrated for his naturalism, _______ the
daily minutiae of a seventeenth-century Dutch
household.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English?
A) was revealing
B) has revealed
C) reveals
D) reveal
24
Jamaican British artist Willard Wigan is known for
his remarkable _______ so small that they are best
viewed through a microscope, Wigan’s sculptures are
made from tiny natural materials, such as spiderweb
strands.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English?
A) microsculptures creations
B) microsculptures, creations
C) microsculptures. Creations
D) microsculptures and creations

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25
Consider the mechanics of the pinhole camera: light
passes through a small hole, resulting in a focused
projected image. A ray diagram reveals how this
_______ the hole’s small size restricts light to a single
ray, all light passing through the hole can only arrive
at a single destination, eliminating diffraction and
ensuring a clear image.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English?
A) works because
B) works. Because
C) works, it’s because
D) works: it’s because
26
In the search for extraterrestrial life, astrobiologists
Stuart Bartlett and Michael L. Wong propose that
scientists avoid using the term “life.” _______
researchers should use another word: “lyfe.” This
new term, they argue, could be used to draw
distinctions between the known characteristics of life
on Earth and the potentially differing characteristics
of lyfe on other planets.
Which choice completes the text with the most
logical transition?
A) Previously,
B) Regardless,
C) There,
D) Instead,

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Module

Before it unveiled a massive new gallery in 2009, the
Art Institute of Chicago was only able to display
about 5% of its art collection. _______ the museum
is able to display close to 30% of its collection.
Which choice completes the text with the most
logical transition?
A) Additionally,
B) For example,
C) Nevertheless,
D) Today,
28
Working together with the Navajo Nation
Department of Water Resources, Dr. Lani
Tsinnajinnie analyzed data about snowpack levels in
the Chuska Mountains. She found that the snowpack
(the amount of snow on the ground) was deepest in
early March at lower elevations. At higher elevations,
_______ the snowpack was deepest in mid-March.
Which choice completes the text with the most
logical transition?
A) in other words,
B) for instance,
C) on the other hand,
D) in summary,

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29
The Inca of South America used intricately knotted
string devices called quipus to record countable
information, like population data and payments.
_______ they may have used quipus to record more
complex information, like stories and myths,
according to researchers.
Which choice completes the text with the most
logical transition?
A) As a result,
B) In other words,
C) In addition,
D) For example,

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Module

In hindsight, given the ideas about the natural world
circulating among British scientists in the 1800s, the
theory of natural selection was an obvious next step.
It may not have been a coincidence, _______ that
Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace arrived at the
concept independently. Indeed, contrary to the
popular myth of the lone genius, theirs is not the first
paradigm-shifting theory to have emerged from
multiple scholars working in parallel.
Which choice completes the text with the most
logical transition?
A) however,
B) then,
C) moreover,
D) for example,

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31
While researching a topic, a student has taken the
following notes:
• In the 1930s, the Imperial Sugar Cane Institute in
India sought to limit the country’s dependence on
imported sugarcane.
• The institute enlisted botanist Janaki Ammal to
breed a local variety of sugarcane.
• She crossbred the imported sugarcane species
Saccharum officinarum with grasses native to
India.
• She succeeded in creating sugarcane hybrids well
suited to India’s climate.
The student wants to emphasize Janaki Ammal’s
achievement. Which choice most effectively uses
relevant information from the notes to accomplish
this goal?
A) By crossbreeding the imported sugarcane species
Saccharum officinarum with grasses native to
India, Ammal succeeded in creating sugarcane
hybrids well suited to India’s climate.
B) In the 1930s, the Imperial Sugar Cane Institute,
which enlisted Ammal, sought to limit
dependence on imported sugarcane.
C) Ammal was enlisted by the Imperial Sugar Cane
Institute at a time when a local variety of
sugarcane needed to be produced.
D) As part of efforts to breed a local variety of
sugarcane, an imported sugarcane species called
Saccharum officinarum was crossbred with
grasses native to India.

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Module

While researching a topic, a student has taken the
following notes:
• Elizabeth Catlett’s sculpture Recognition (1970)
shows two African American figures with
rounded, indistinct features.
• The figures reach out to each other in a pose that
symbolizes a close, supportive relationship.
• Her sculpture Students Aspire (1978) shows two
African American figures with sharply defined
features.
• The figures hold an equal sign above their heads
with one hand and embrace each other with the
other hand.
• This pose symbolizes their support for each other
in the pursuit of equality.
The student wants to emphasize a similarity between
the two sculptures. Which choice most effectively
uses relevant information from the notes to
accomplish this goal?
A) Catlett’s Students Aspire depicts two figures
supporting each other in the pursuit of equality.
B) Recognition and Students Aspire both show
African American figures in poses that
symbolize supportive relationships.
C) Catlett completed Recognition in 1970 and
Students Aspire in 1978.
D) The figures in Recognition have features that are
rounded and indistinct, while the figures in
Students Aspire have sharply defined features.

33
While researching a topic, a student has taken the
following notes:
• The ancient Arab dhow was a sailing vessel
distinguishable by its triangular sails and stitched
hull construction.
• Dhows were used primarily for trade along the
coasts of Arab, South Asian, and East African
countries.
• Contemporary shipbuilders in Oman use a mix of
modern and traditional materials to build replicas
of ancient dhows.
• Most of the materials used are traditional.
• Replica hulls are stitched together using the same
traditional coconut palm fiber rope used on the
hulls of ancient dhows.
The student wants to make a generalization about the
materials used in dhow replicas. Which choice most
effectively uses relevant information from the notes
to accomplish this goal?
A) A traditional material that was used to stitch
together the hulls of ancient dhows, coconut
palm fiber rope is still used by shipbuilders.
B) The ancient Arab dhow was a sailing vessel used
primarily for trade and distinguishable by its
triangular sails.
C) Although most materials used in dhow replicas
are traditional, some modern materials are used.
D) Contemporary shipbuilders in Oman build
replicas of the dhow, which was an ancient
sailing vessel with a stitched hull construction.

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only.
Do not turn to any other module in the test.

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Module

Reading and Writing

33 QUESTIONS

The works of Chicana artist Ester Hernandez are
now _______ in museums both in the United States
and abroad, but the murals she contributed to as a
member of Las Mujeres Muralistas early in her
artistic career were displayed in outdoor public
spaces across San Francisco.
Which choice completes the text with the most
logical and precise word or phrase?
A) invented
B) adjusted
C) featured
D) recommended

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......................................................................................................................................................................................................

-1 --------~

-2 --------~
Whether Carmen Lomas Garza is creating small
paintings and illustrations or large public
artworks—such as Baile, a copper cutout of
traditional Mexican dance in the San Francisco
International Airport—she is _______ direct
experience, drawing from memories of her childhood
in Texas or details of her current surroundings in
California.
Which choice completes the text with the most
logical and precise word or phrase?
A) complimented by
B) uncertain about
C) unbothered by
D) inspired by

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Module

Animal researcher Amalia P.M. Bastos led a 2021
study about a wild kea parrot that used small stones
as tools to preen its feathers. Skeptical colleagues
had initially suggested to Bastos that the kea’s
interactions with the stones might simply be
_______ , but Bastos and her team showed that
the kea was using the stones deliberately.
Which choice completes the text with the most
logical and precise word or phrase?
A) intriguing
B) obvious
C) accidental
D) observable
4
In 1891, design artist William Morris cofounded the
Kelmscott Press, which printed editions of books
using preindustrial methods. Historians argue that
Morris’s repudiation of industrialization is _______
the Kelmscott editions’ use of handmade materials
and intricate ornamentation reminiscent of medieval
manuscripts: these meticulously handcrafted
elements exemplify the artistry involved.
Which choice completes the text with the most
logical and precise word or phrase?
A) insensible to
B) manifest in
C) scrutinized by
D) complicated by

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-3 - - -

-5 - - Mary Engle Pennington, a chemist who helped
advance home refrigeration, undoubtedly made a
substantial impact on society, but her place in our
historical memory is perhaps more _______
than that of Stephanie Kwolek, who invented the
incredibly strong material known as Kevlar, an
accomplishment for which she will long be
remembered.
Which choice completes the text with the most
logical and precise word or phrase?
A) permanent
B) tentative
C) warranted
D) prominent
6
The following text is from Betty Smith’s 1943 novel
A Tree Grows in Brooklyn. Francie, a young girl, visits
the library often.
Francie thought that all the books in the world
were in that library and she had a plan about
reading all the books in the world. She was
reading a book a day in alphabetical order and
not skipping the dry ones. She remembered that
the first author had been Abbott. She had been
reading a book a day for a long time now and she
was still in the B’s. Already she had read about
bees and buffaloes, Bermuda vacations and
Byzantine architecture. For all her enthusiasm,
she had to admit that some of the B’s had been
hard going. But Francie was a reader.
©1947 by Betty Smith

Which choice best states the main purpose of the
text?
A) To illustrate Francie’s enjoyment of an unusual
topic
B) To explain why Francie prefers reading over
other activities
C) To portray Francie’s determination to meet a
goal
D) To describe a book that Francie greatly admires

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Module

Which choice best states the main purpose of the
text?
A) To argue for the significance of new findings
amid an ongoing debate among researchers
B) To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of
the method used in an experiment
C) To summarize two competing hypotheses and a
major finding associated with each one
D) To describe an experiment whose results cast
doubt on an established hypothesis

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-7 - - - - - ~
Researchers have long hypothesized that
woolly mammoths were hunted to extinction in
North America by humans using spears with grooved
tips known as Clovis points. One anthropologist
set out to test this hypothesis. Using a mechanical
spear-thrower, he launched spears with Clovis
points into mounds of clay—substitutes for the
animals’ large bodies. The projectiles generally
penetrated only a few inches into the clay, an amount
insufficient to have harmed most woolly mammoths.
This led the anthropologist to conclude that hunters
using spears with Clovis points likely weren’t the
principal drivers of the extinction.

-8 - - - - - ~
The people of medieval Europe have traditionally
been seen as uninterested in cleanliness and hygiene,
but modern research has shown that this is largely a
myth. According to historian Eleanor Janega, most
medieval towns in Europe had at least one public
bathhouse, which often offered both full-immersion
baths and—more affordably—steam baths. While
such amenities were available mainly to town
dwellers, regular bathing in rivers and streams or
daily sponge baths at home were common practices
throughout medieval Europe.
Which choice best describes the function of the
underlined portion?
A) It asserts that in medieval Europe steam baths
were more popular in rural areas than in urban
ones.
B) It describes a limitation of earlier historians’
studies of medieval European bathing habits.
C) It concedes that not all people in medieval
Europe had access to public bathhouses.
D) It explains why Janega decided to study the
popularity of public bathhouses in medieval
Europe.

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Module

Which choice best describes the function of the
underlined portion in the text as a whole?
A) It presents a trend in scholarship on the
Chicano movement that the text claims has
been reevaluated by researchers in light of
Herrera’s work on the movement’s participants.
B) It identifies an aspect of the Chicano movement
that the text implies was overemphasized by
scholars due to their own political orientations.
C) It describes a common approach to studying the
Chicano movement that, according to the text,
obscures the ideological diversity of the
movement’s participants.
D) It summarizes the conventional method for
analyzing the Chicano movement, which the text
suggests creates a misleading impression of the
effectiveness of neighborhood institutions and
projects.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

-9 - - - - - ~
Scholarly accounts of the Chicano movement—a
movement that advocated for the social, political,
and cultural empowerment of Mexican Americans
and reached its zenith in the 1960s and 1970s—tend
to focus on the most militant, outspoken figures in
the movement, making it seem uniformly radical.
Geographer Juan Herrera has shown, however, that
if we shift our focus toward the way the movement
manifested in comparatively low-profile
neighborhood institutions and projects, we see
participants espousing an array of political
orientations and approaches to community activism.

- 10 - - - - - ~
Elizabeth Asiedu has identified a negative correlation
between the share of developing countries’
economies derived from natural-resource extraction
and those countries’ receipts of foreign investment.
This may appear counterintuitive—resource
extraction requires initial investments (in extractive
technology, for instance) at scales best met by
multinational corporations—but Asiedu notes that
natural-resource industries’ boom-bust cycle can
destabilize local currencies and increase developing
countries’ vulnerability to external shocks, creating
levels of uncertainty to which foreign investors are
typically averse.
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
A) Although it may seem surprising that foreign
investment declines in developing countries as
natural-resource extraction makes up a larger
share of those countries’ economies, that decline
happens because resource extraction requires
initial investments too large for foreign investors
to supply.
B) Although developing countries tend to become
less dependent on foreign investment as
natural-resource industries make up a larger
share of their economies, this change may not
occur if the boom-bust cycle of those industries
destabilizes local currencies or increases
countries’ vulnerability to external shocks.
C) Although one might expect that foreign
investment would increase as natural-resource
extraction makes up a larger share of developing
countries’ economies, the opposite happens
because heavy reliance on natural resources can
lead to unattractive conditions for investors.
D) Although foreign investors tend to avoid initial
investments in natural-resource industries in
developing countries, foreign investment may
increase significantly as those industries stabilize
and the risks associated with them decline.

CO NTI N U E

Module

To understand how temperature change affects
microorganism-mediated cycling of soil nutrients in
alpine ecosystems, Eva Kaštovská et al. collected
plant-soil cores in the Tatra Mountains at elevations
around 2,100 meters and transplanted them to
elevations of 1,700–1,800 meters, where the mean air
temperature was warmer by 2°C. Microorganismmediated nutrient cycling was accelerated in the
transplanted cores; crucially, microorganism
community composition was unchanged, allowing
Kaštovská et al. to attribute the acceleration to
temperature-induced increases in microorganism
activity.
It can most reasonably be inferred from the text that
the finding about the microorganism community
composition was important for which reason?
A) It provided preliminary evidence that
microorganism-mediated nutrient cycling was
accelerated in the transplanted cores.
B) It suggested that temperature-induced changes
in microorganism activity may be occurring at
increasingly high elevations.
C) It ruled out a potential alternative explanation
for the acceleration in microorganism-mediated
nutrient cycling.
D) It clarified that microorganism activity levels in
the plant-soil cores varied depending on which
microorganisms comprised the community.

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12
Some astronomers searching for extraterrestrial life
have proposed that atmospheric NH3 (ammonia) can
serve as a biosignature gas—an indication that a
planet harbors life. Jingcheng Huang, Sara Seager,
and colleagues evaluated this possibility, finding that
on rocky planets, atmospheric NH3 likely couldn’t
reach detectably high levels in the absence of
biological activity. But the team also found that on
so-called mini-Neptunes—gas planets smaller
than Neptune but with atmospheres similar to
Neptune’s—atmospheric pressure and temperature
can be high enough to produce atmospheric NH3.
Based on the text, Huang, Seager, and colleagues
would most likely agree with which statement about
atmospheric NH3?
A) Its presence is more likely to indicate that a
planet is a mini-Neptune than that the planet is a
rocky planet that could support life.
B) Its absence from a planet that’s not a
mini-Neptune indicates that the planet probably
doesn’t have life.
C) It should be treated as a biosignature gas if
detected in the atmosphere of a rocky planet but
not if detected in the atmosphere of a
mini-Neptune.
D) It doesn’t reliably reach high enough
concentrations in the atmospheres of rocky
planets or mini-Neptunes to be treated as a
biosignature gas.

CO NTI N U E

Module

Recreation Visits by Month
to Four US National Parks during
the Peak Season in 2021

1,100 . - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - i 1 . - - - - - - - - - . - .~ _ 1,000 +--+-~""'----l-....,,.,,.:::---+-·~ ~
900 +-----''F---~~ ----"'l"-r::: .';::
800 +--+----,,.,,;r....---1-____::""'-=-+--~ 700 +----,rlr:l"'' -------,----+--~o .....,.
~
600 - i - - ; - - - ~ ~ , . . . . . - - - - - - ; - - ~ r:::
500 +---r------1--=--~-;;=;-.....,.
c,i
~ ~
400
~
300 - + - - + - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - + - - § .s 200 + - - + - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - + - - z ~ 100 - + - - - - - + - - - + - - - - - + - - -

-5

0 -'----'------'------'---

Month
___..,._ Yellowstone
--o- Zion
···O·· Grand Canyon
Rocky Mountain

In 2021, four of the United States national parks that
were among the most visited were Grand Canyon
National Park, Rocky Mountain National Park,
Yellowstone National Park, and Zion National Park.
The graph shows the number of visits for recreation
to each of these parks during the three-month period
with the highest number of visitors. A student notes
that among the parks shown in the graph, the park
with the highest monthly recreation visits in all three
months was _______
Which choice most effectively uses data from the
graph to complete the text?
A) Zion National Park.
B) Rocky Mountain National Park.
C) Yellowstone National Park.
D) Grand Canyon National Park.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

-13 - - -

-14 - - - - - - - - “Lines Written in Early Spring” is a 1798 poem by
William Wordsworth. In the poem, the speaker
describes having contradictory feelings while
experiencing the sights and sounds of a spring
day: _______
Which quotation from “Lines Written in Early
Spring” most effectively illustrates the claim?
A) “Through primrose-tufts, in that sweet bower, /
The periwinkle trail’d its wreathes; / And ’tis my
faith that every flower / Enjoys the air it
breathes.”
B) “The budding twigs spread out their fan, / To
catch the breezy air; / And I must think, do all I
can, / That there was pleasure there.”
C) “The birds around me hopp’d and play’d: / Their
thoughts I cannot measure, / But the least
motion which they made, / It seem’d a thrill of
pleasure.”
D) “I heard a thousand blended notes, / While in a
grove I [sat] reclined, / In that sweet mood when
pleasant thoughts / Bring sad thoughts to the
mind.”

CO NTI N U E

Module

15
Mean Ratings for Patients after 21 Days
Mean rating for participants Mean rating for participants
Measure
aware of taking a placebo
in the control group
Global improvement
5.0
3.9
Symptom severity reduction
92.00
46.00
Quality of life improvement
11.4
5.4
To test whether a medication is effective, scientists compare outcomes
for patients taking it and patients taking a placebo (a medically inactive
substance). Patients normally aren’t told they’re receiving a placebo,
but a research team conducted a study to see if there might be a medical
benefit to telling them. The team used various measures to evaluate
participants, with higher ratings indicating greater well-being in each
measure. Compared to the mean ratings after 21 days for participants
in the control group, the mean ratings for participants who were aware
of taking a placebo _______
Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the
statement?
A) ranged from 5.0 to 92.00, indicating that well-being varied widely
from participant to participant.
B) were lower for two measures, with the rating for only one measure
indicating greater well-being for these participants.
C) ranged from 3.9 to 46.00, with no rating indicating greater
well-being in any measure for these participants.
D) were higher for all three measures, indicating greater overall
well-being for these participants.

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CO NTI N U E

Module

As media consumption has become increasingly
multiplatform and socially mediated, active news
acquisition has diminished in favor of an attitude
known as “news finds me” (NFM), in which people
passively rely on their social networks and ambient
media environments for information about current
events. Homero Gil de Zúñiga and Trevor Diehl
examined data on a representative group of adults in
the United States to determine participants’ strength
of NFM attitude, political knowledge, and political
interest. Although no major election took place
sufficiently near the study for Gil de Zúñiga and
Diehl to identify causality between NFM and voting
behavior, they did posit that NFM may reduce voting
probability through an indirect effect.
Which finding, if true, would most directly support
the idea advanced by Gil de Zúñiga and Diehl?
A) NFM attitude tends to increase in strength as
major elections approach, and people are
significantly more likely to vote in major
elections than in minor elections.
B) NFM attitude has a strong negative effect on
political knowledge and interest, and there is
known to be a strong positive correlation
between political knowledge and interest and the
likelihood of voting.
C) Political interest is known to have a strong
positive effect on likelihood of voting but shows
only a weak positive effect on political
knowledge, and NFM attitude shows little
correlation with either political knowledge or
political interest.
D) The likelihood of voting increases as political
knowledge increases, and the relationship
between NFM attitude and political knowledge
tends to strengthen as the size of people’s social
networks increases.

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17
The practice of logging (cutting down trees for
commercial and other uses) is often thought to be
at odds with forest conservation (the work of
preserving forests). However, a massive study in
forest management and preservation spanning
700,000 hectares in Oregon’s Malheur National
Forest calls that view into question. So far, results
of the study suggest that forest plots that have
undergone limited logging (the careful removal of a
controlled number of trees) may be more robust than
plots that haven’t been logged at all. These results, in
turn, suggest that _______
Which choice most logically completes the text?
A) logging may be useful for maintaining healthy
forests, provided it is limited.
B) other forest management strategies are more
effective than limited logging.
C) as time passes, it will be difficult to know
whether limited logging has any benefits.
D) the best way to support forest health may be to
leave large forests entirely untouched.

CO NTI N U E

Module

Even with the widespread adoption of personal
computers, many authors still choose to write and
revise their novels by hand and only then transcribe
the final version on a computer. It may be tempting
to speculate about how a novel written this way
would be affected if it had been exclusively typed
instead, but each novel is a unique entity resulting
from a specific set of circumstances. Therefore,
_______
Which choice most logically completes the text?
A) in order to increase their efficiency, authors who
currently write their novels largely by hand
should instead work only on a computer.
B) authors who do most of their drafting and
revising by hand likely have more success than
those who work entirely on a computer.
C) novels written by hand take less time to produce,
on average, than novels written on a computer
do.
D) there is no way to reasonably evaluate how a
work would be different if it had been written by
other means.

19 -

In forecasting weather events, meteorologists
sometimes discuss the role of atmospheric rivers.
What are atmospheric rivers, and how _______
Part of the water cycle, atmospheric rivers are
narrow channels of moisture moving through the
atmosphere. In certain conditions, these “rivers” can
release some of their moisture as precipitation.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English?
A) do they affect our weather.
B) they do affect our weather.
C) do they affect our weather?
D) they do affect our weather?

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

-18 - - -

-20 - - One of the few African American global explorers
during the turn of the 20th century, _______
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English?
A) Matthew Henson made several treks across
Greenland between 1891 and 1909.
B) 1891 and 1909 were the years between which
Matthew Henson made several treks across
Greenland.
C) Greenland was where Matthew Henson made
several treks between 1891 and 1909.
D) several treks across Greenland were made by
Matthew Henson between 1891 and 1909.

21 -

Woven from recycled yarn and hand tufted using a
carpet weaving technique passed down by the artist’s
Turkish grandmother, _______ so lush and tactilely
inviting that you are tempted to reach out and touch
them.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English?
A) the topological tapestries of Argentine textile
artist Alexandra Kehayoglou are
B) the Argentine textile artist Alexandra
Kehayoglou creates topological tapestries
that are
C) when she creates her topological tapestries,
Argentine textile artist Alexandra Kehayoglou
makes them
D) Alexandra Kehayoglou is an Argentine textile
artist whose topological tapestries are

CO NTI N U E

Module

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English?
A) through,
B) through
C) through;
D) through and

23 -

Using natural debris, such as dried _______ such as
plastic bags; and more traditional art supplies, such
as tree glue, Ghanaian artist Ed Franklin Gavua
creates his striking Yiiiiikakaii African masks, which
he hopes can help viewers rethink how waste is used
in their communities.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English?
A) leaves, man-made trash:
B) leaves; man-made trash,
C) leaves, man-made trash,
D) leaves; man-made trash;

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- 22 - - - Physical materials can be classified by how much
light passes through them. Clear glass, which is
classified as transparent, allows all (or almost all)
light to pass _______ wax paper, which is classified
as translucent, allows only some light to pass
through.

- 24 - - - Latin America is known to have dozens, if not
hundreds, of popular dance forms. Only five of these
dances are included in international ballroom dance
_______ rumba, samba, cha-cha-cha, paso doble,
and jive—the last of which is grouped with the other
Latin dances despite not having Latin roots.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English?
A) competitions, however:
B) competitions, however,
C) competitions, however;
D) competitions; however,
25
For thousands of years, humans have used
domesticated goats (Capra hircus) to clear land of
unwanted vegetation. When it comes to their diets,
goats are notoriously _______ they will devour all
kinds of shrubs and weeds, leaving virtually no part
of any plant unconsumed.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English?
A) indiscriminate and
B) indiscriminate,
C) indiscriminate
D) indiscriminate:

CO NTI N U E

Module

A species of Byropsis algae produces toxins to avoid
being eaten by predators. However, in some cases,
the toxins the organism uses to protect itself from
predation actually _______ its attractiveness to
predators. The Hawaiian sea slug, for example, not
only tolerates Byropsis toxins but actually uses them
for protection in the same way the algae does.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
to the conventions of Standard English?
A) is increasing
B) increase
C) increases
D) has increased
27
After appropriate permissions are granted, a typical
archaeological dig begins with a surveyor making a
detailed grid of the excavation site. Then, the site is
carefully dug, and any artifacts found are recorded
and mapped onto the site grid. _______ the artifacts
are removed, cataloged, and analyzed in a laboratory.
Which choice completes the text with the most
logical transition?
A) For instance,
B) On the contrary,
C) Earlier,
D) Finally,

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28
The liquid metals in Earth’s core circulate constantly,
and this circulation generates electrical currents that
flow between Earth’s North and South magnetic
poles. These electrical currents, _______ create a
barrier around Earth that protects us from radiation
and charged particles coming from space.
Which choice completes the text with the most
logical transition?
A) in turn,
B) likewise,
C) nevertheless,
D) in reality,
29
Biographer Michael Gorra notes that the novelist
Henry James “lived in a world of second thoughts,”
frequently tinkering with his novels and stories after
their initial publication. However, the differences
between the 1881 first edition and the 1908 edition of
his novel A Portrait of a Lady are extreme, even by
James’s standards; _______ some critics regard the
two editions as two different novels altogether.
Which choice completes the text with the most
logical transition?
A) by contrast,
B) in fact,
C) nevertheless,
D) in other words,

CO NTI N U E

Module

While researching a topic, a student has taken the
following notes:
• In World War I, US soldiers who were members
of the Choctaw Nation in Oklahoma participated
in the Choctaw Code Talkers program.
• The Choctaw Code Talkers were trained to relay
coded military information in their native
language.
• In World War II, the US Army recruited Navajo
(Diné) soldiers to transmit coded messages in
their native language.
• These soldiers were known as the Navajo Code
Talkers.
The student wants to emphasize a similarity between
the Choctaw Code Talkers and the Navajo Code
Talkers. Which choice most effectively uses relevant
information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
A) US soldiers who were members of the Choctaw
Nation in Oklahoma used their native language
to relay coded information.
B) In World War II, one group of Navajo (Diné)
soldiers was known as the Navajo Code Talkers.
C) Both the Choctaw Code Talkers and the Navajo
Code Talkers transmitted coded military
messages in the soldiers’ native languages.
D) The Choctaw Code Talkers, not the Navajo Code
Talkers, served in World War I.

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31
While researching a topic, a student has taken the
following notes:
• Meteorites found on Earth are divided into
two categories.
• A meteorite that was observed falling to
Earth before being recovered is known as a
meteorite fall.
• All other meteorites found on Earth are known as
meteorite finds.
• There have been about 1,200 recorded meteorite
falls.
• There have been over 60,000 recorded meteorite
finds.
The student wants to contrast the number of
meteorite falls with the number of meteorite finds.
Which choice most effectively uses relevant
information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
A) A meteorite that was observed falling to Earth
before being recovered is known as a meteorite
fall; all others are known as meteorite finds.
B) Meteorites found on Earth are divided into
two categories: meteorite falls and meteorite
finds.
C) There have been about 1,200 recorded meteorite
falls, or meteorites observed falling to Earth.
D) While there have been only about 1,200 recorded
meteorite falls, there have been over 60,000
meteorite finds.

CO NTI N U E

Module

While researching a topic, a student has taken the
following notes:
• Doña María do Carmo Bandeira was a Brazilian
botanist.
• Between 1924 and 1941, she collected
approximately 800 botanical samples.
• She collected a sample of Polytrichum juniperinum
from Serra de Itatiaia in Mauá in February
of 1925.
• She collected a sample of Sphagnum gracilescen
from Ponte do Inferno in Corcovado in March
of 1925.
• Polytrichum juniperinum and Sphagnum
gracilescen are both species of moss.
The student wants to emphasize the sample collected
from Serra de Itatiaia. Which choice most effectively
uses relevant information from the notes to
accomplish this goal?
A) Doña María do Carmo Bandeira was a
botanist notable for collecting approximately
800 botanical samples between 1924 and 1941.
B) Among the many botanical samples Doña María
do Carmo Bandeira collected was Polytrichum
juniperinum, a species of moss she collected
from Serra de Itatiaia in 1925.
C) Between 1924 and 1941, Doña María do Carmo
Bandeira collected many botanical samples, such
as Polytrichum juniperinum from Serra de
Itatiaia and Sphagnum gracilescen from Ponte do
Inferno.
D) Between 1924 and 1941, Doña María do Carmo
Bandeira collected samples of Polytrichum
juniperinum and Sphagnum gracilescen, both
species of moss.

33
While researching a topic, a student has taken the
following notes:
• The US government classifies sensitive
information according to the degree to which
disclosure could affect the nation’s security.
• Information that could cause “damage” to
national security is classified as Confidential.
• Information that could cause “serious damage” to
national security is classified as Secret.
• Most routine diplomatic correspondence, if
disclosed, could cause damage but not serious
damage to national security.
• Diplomatic correspondence includes
communication with both allies and adversaries.
The student wants to indicate which category most
routine diplomatic correspondence belongs in, based
on how sensitive information is classified. Which
choice most effectively uses relevant information
from the notes to accomplish this goal?
A) According to the US government, which
classifies such sensitive information as routine
diplomatic correspondence, Confidential
information could damage national security if
disclosed.
B) Most routine diplomatic correspondence is
classified according to the degree to which
disclosure could affect the nation’s security.
C) Having the potential to damage national security
if disclosed, most routine diplomatic
correspondence is classified as Confidential.
D) If disclosed, communication with both allies and
adversaries could affect the nation’s security.

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only.
Do not turn to any other module in the test.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

No Test Material On This Page

Module

Math

27 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS
The questions in this section address a number of important math skills.
Use of a calculator is permitted for all questions.

,a-nH
NOTES

Unless otherwise indicated:
• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.
• Figures provided are drawn to scale.
• All figures lie in a plane.
• The domain of a given function f is the set of all real numbers x for which f(x)
is a real number.

REFERENCE
li04ii1Ut31

G
A =nr 2
C=2nr

CJw
A= Rw

~
b

b~
a

A =_!bh

c2 = a2 + b2

62h E}
£

V= Rwh

V = i,.r3
3

V= nr 2h

x
0

'~
45°
s

x--../3

Special Right Triangles

V=½nr 2h

V = 3 £wh

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

CO NTI N U E

Module

For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct
answer from the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book.
Circle only one answer for each question. If you change your mind, completely
erase the circle. You will not get credit for questions with more than one
answer circled, or for questions with no answers circled.
For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write
your answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below.
• Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive credit
for anything written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than
one circled answer.
• If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer.
• Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to
6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more.
• If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive,
6 characters for negative), write the decimal equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for positive,
6 characters for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3.!. ), write it as an improper
fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5). 2
• Don't include symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in
your circled answer.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

CO NTI N U E

Module

(p + 3) + 8 = 10

What value of p is the solution to the given
equation?
A) −1

B) 5

C) 15

D) 21

CO NTI N U E

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

Module

-2 ------------~
The scatterplot shows the relationship between two variables, x and y.
y

•

5,000
4,000
3,000

•

2,000
1,000

•2 • 3

•

• •
4

Which of the following graphs shows the most appropriate model for
the data?
y

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

•3

4,000
3,000
2,000

V"
_L.---"'

•2 • 3

y
5,000

'•

4,000
3,000

•

2,000

• •
4

5,000

1,000

1,000
5

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

CO NTI N U E

Module

k 2 − 53 = 91

What is the positive solution to the given equation?
A) 144
B) 72
C) 38
D) 12

--------~

During a portion of a flight, a small airplane’s
cruising speed varied between 150 miles per hour
and 170 miles per hour. Which inequality best
represents this situation, where s is the cruising
speed, in miles per hour, during this portion of the
flight?
A) s ≤ 20
B) s ≤ 150
C) s ≤ 170
D) 150 ≤ s ≤ 170

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

-3 - - - - - - - - ~

-5 -

-t

'-g

"'I-<

s
;;I

OJ)

10 I

1=
"a>

::r::

()

" "\
I
~

12345678910
Time (seconds)

An object was launched upward from a platform.
The graph shown models the height above ground, y,
in meters, of the object x seconds after it was
launched. For which of the following intervals of
time was the height of the object increasing for the
entire interval?
A) From x = 0 to x = 2
B) From x = 0 to x = 4
C) From x = 2 to x = 3
D) From x = 3 to x = 4

-6 - - - - - - - - ~
How many yards are equivalent to 1,116 inches?

(1 yard = 36 inches)

CO NTI N U E

Module

f (x ) = 14 + 4x
The function f represents the total cost, in dollars, of
attending an arcade when x games are played. How
many games can be played for a total cost of $58?

-8 - - - - - ~

f (x) = x + b
For the linear function f, b is a constant.
When x = 0 , f (x ) = 30. What is the value of b ?
A) −30
B) −
C)

1
30

D) 30

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

-7 - - - - - ~

-9 - - - - - ~
P(t) = 1,800(1.02)t
The function P gives the estimated number of
marine mammals in a certain area, where t is the
number of years since a study began. What is the best
interpretation of P(0) = 1,800 in this context?
A) The estimated number of marine mammals in
the area was 102 when the study began.
B) The estimated number of marine mammals in
the area was 1,800 when the study began.
C) The estimated number of marine mammals in
the area increased by 102 each year during the
study.
D) The estimated number of marine mammals in
the area increased by 1,800 each year during the
study.

- 10 - - - - - ~

A manager is responsible for ordering supplies for a
shaved ice shop. The shop’s inventory starts with
4,500 paper cups, and the manager estimates that 70
of these paper cups are used each day. Based on this
estimate, in how many days will the supply of paper
cups reach 1,700?
A) 20
B) 40
C) 60
D) 80

CO NTI N U E

Module

y > 4x + 8
For which of the following tables are all the values of
x and their corresponding values of y solutions to the
given inequality?
A)

x
2
4
6

y
19
30
41

x
2
4
6

y
8
16
24

x
2
4
6

y
13
18
23

x
2
4
6

y
13
21
29

12
Which expression is equivalent to
2

(x 2 + 11) + (x − 5)(x + 5) ?
A) x 4 + 23x 2 − 14
B) x 4 + 23x 2 + 96
C) x 4 + 12x 2 + 121
D) x 4 + x 2 + 146

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

13
The function h is defined by h(x ) =

8
. What is
5x + 6

the value of h(2) ?

Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

The figure shows the lengths, in inches, of two sides
of a right triangle. What is the area of the triangle, in
square inches?

CO NTI N U E

Module

y
13

12
11

10
9

8
7
6

5 /
4
3

.---

-r--,....,__

2
1

The graph models the number of active projects a
company was working on x months after the end of
November 2012, where 0 ≤ x ≤ 6. According to the
model, what is the predicted number of active
projects the company was working on at the end of
November 2012?
A) 0
B) 5
C) 8
D) 9

-16 The
-relationship
- -between
----two variables, x and y, is
linear. For every increase in the value of x by 1, the
value of y increases by 8. When the value of x is 2,
the value of y is 18. Which equation represents this
relationship?
A) y = 2x + 18
B) y = 2x + 8
C) y = 8x + 2
D) y = 3x + 26

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

-17 - - - - - - - - P = N (19 − C)
The given equation relates the positive numbers P,
N, and C. Which equation correctly expresses C in
terms of P and N ?
A) C =

19 + P
N

B) C =

19 − P
N

C) C = 19 +

P
N

D) C = 19 −

P
N

-18 - - - - - - - - w 2 + 12w − 40 = 0
Which of the following is a solution to the given
equation?
A) 6 − 2 19
B) 2 19
C)

D) −6 + 2 19

CO NTI N U E

Module

The table shown summarizes the number of
employees at each of the 17 restaurants in a town.
Number of employees Number of restaurants
2 to 7
2
8 to 13
4
14 to 19
2
20 to 25
7
26 to 31
2

Which of the following could be the median number
of employees for the restaurants in this town?
A) 2
B) 9
C) 15
D) 21

-20 - - - - - - - - ~
What is the y-coordinate of the y-intercept of the
graph of

5y
3x
=−
+ 21 in the xy-plane?
7
9

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

-19 - - - - - - - - ~

- 21 - - - -

6_,....::4_

\
\

2_ _ 4_

I
14 I
I
I
I6 ,
\.. J
V

The graph of y = 2x 2 + bx + c is shown, where b
and c are constants. What is the value of bc ?

-22 - - - - - - - - ~
In 2008, Zinah earned 14% more than in 2007, and in
2009 Zinah earned 4% more than in 2008. If Zinah
earned y times as much in 2009 as in 2007, what is
the value of y ?
A) 0.5600
B) 1.0056
C) 1.1800
D) 1.1856

CO NTI N U E

Module

y
6

2' \

- -6 -4 -2 0
\
I
I',._

-X

'4
I
'6
I

Circle A (shown) is defined by the equation

(x + 2)2 + y 2 = 9. Circle B (not shown) is the result
of shifting circle A down 6 units and increasing the
radius so that the radius of circle B is 2 times the
radius of circle A. Which equation defines circle B ?
A) (x + 2)2 + (y + 6)2 = (4)(9)
B) 2(x + 2)2 + 2(y + 6)2 = 9
C) (x + 2)2 + (y − 6)2 = (4)(9)
D) 2(x + 2)2 + 2(y − 6)2 = 9

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

- 23 - - - -

Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

Right triangle ABC is shown. What is the value
of tan A ?
A)

3
54

1
3

D) 27 3

CO NTI N U E

Module

At the time that an article was first featured on the
home page of a news website, there were
40 comments on the article. An exponential model
estimates that at the end of each hour after the article
was first featured on the home page, the number of
comments on the article had increased by 190% of
the number of comments on the article at the end of
the previous hour. Which of the following equations
best represents this model, where C is the estimated
number of comments on the article t hours after the
article was first featured on the home page
and t ≤ 4 ?
A) C = 40(1.19)t
B) C = 40(1.9)t
C) C = 40(19)t
D) C = 40(2.9)t

26
x
−27
−9
21

g(x)
3
0
5

The table shows three values of x and their
corresponding values of g (x), where g (x) =

f (x)
x+3

and f is a linear function. What is the y-intercept of
the graph of y = f (x) in the xy-plane?
A) (0, 36)
B) (0, 12)
C) (0, 4)
D) (0, −9)

27
In right triangle ABC, angle C is the right angle and
BC = 162. Point D on side AB is connected by a line
segment with point E on side AC such that line
segment DE is parallel to side BC and CE = 2AE .
What is the length of line segment DE ?

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only.
Do not turn to any other module in the test.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

No Test Material On This Page

Module

Math

27 QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS
The questions in this section address a number of important math skills.
Use of a calculator is permitted for all questions.

,a-nH
NOTES

Unless otherwise indicated:
• All variables and expressions represent real numbers.
• Figures provided are drawn to scale.
• All figures lie in a plane.
• The domain of a given function fis the set of all real numbers x for which f(x)
is a real number.

REFERENCE
li04ii1Ut31

G
A =nr 2
C=2nr

CJw
A= Rw

~
b

b~
a

A =_!bh

c2 = a2 + b2

62h E}
£

V= Rwh

V = i,.r3
3

V= nr 2h

x
0

'~
45°
s

x--../3

Special Right Triangles

V=½nr 2h

V = 3 £wh

The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

CO NTI N U E

Module

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

CO NTI N U E

Module

The function f is defined by f (x ) = 8x . For what
value of x does f (x ) = 72 ?
A) 8
B) 9
C) 64
D) 80

Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

In the figure, two lines intersect at a point. Angle 1
and angle 2 are vertical angles. The measure of
angle 1 is 72°. What is the measure of angle 2?
A) 72°
B) 108°
C) 144°
D) 288°

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

-1 - - - - - - - - ~

-3 - - - - - - - - ~
On a street with 7 houses, 2 houses are blue. If a
house from this street is selected at random, what is
the probability of selecting a house that is blue?

1
7

2
7

5
7

7
7

--------~

The graph of function f is shown, where y = f (x ).
y
10
8
6

4
2
I

,,,.

.,.

I
I

I.;
~
~

10 -8 -6 -4 ... ,I.A'"
2

... ...

2- 4- -6-~8- 10

'6
I

lg
I

'16

Which of the following describes function f ?
A) Increasing linear
B) Decreasing linear
C) Increasing exponential
D) Decreasing exponential

CO NTI N U E

Module

y
()

->---2
->---4

)

-~f
I
-~-s

The graph of the function f is shown, where
y = f (x). What is the y-intercept of the graph?
A) (0, −1)
B) (0, −4)
C) (0, 1)
D) (0, 4)

~--------

x=8
x + 3y = 26
The solution to the given system of equations is
(x , y ). What is the value of y ?

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

-5 --

-7 - - - - - - - - The amount of Hanna’s bill for a food order was $50.
Hanna gave a tip of 20% of the amount of the bill.
What is the amount, in dollars, of the tip Hanna
gave?

-8 - - - - - - - - Which expression is equivalent to 5x 5 − 6x 4 + 8x 3 ?
A) x 4(5x − 6)
B) x 3(5x 2 − 6x + 8)
C) 8x 3(5x 2 − 6x + 1)
D) 6x 5(−6x 4 + 8x 3 + 1)

~--------

The ratio of the length of line segment XY to the
length of line segment ZV is 6 to 1. If the length of
line segment XY is 102 inches, what is the length, in
inches, of line segment ZV ?
A) 17
B) 96
C) 102
D) 612

CO NTI N U E

Module

Which equation has the same solution as the given
equation?
A) 2x − 3 = 9
B) 2x − 3 = 56
C) 2x − 21 = 63
D) 2x − 21 = 78

11 - - - - - - ~
The function f defined by f (t ) = 14t + 9 gives the
estimated length, in inches, of a vine plant t months
after Tavon purchased it. Which of the following is
the best interpretation of 9 in this context?
A) Tavon will keep the vine plant for 9 months.
B) The vine plant is expected to grow 9 inches
each month.
C) The vine plant is expected to grow to a
maximum length of 9 inches.
D) The estimated length of the vine plant was
9 inches when Tavon purchased it.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

- 10 - - - - - - ~
7(2x − 3) = 63

-12 - - - - - - ~
(x + 2)(x − 5)(x + 9) = 0
What is a positive solution to the given equation?
A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 18

Brian saves

2
of the $215 he earns each week from
5

his job. If Brian continues to save at this rate, how
much money, in dollars, will Brian save in 9 weeks?

A rectangle has an area of 155 square inches. The
length of the rectangle is 4 inches less than 7 times
the width of the rectangle. What is the width of the
rectangle, in inches?

CO NTI N U E

Module

What is the median of the data set shown?
A) 4
B) 5
C) 7
D) 14

16 ~ - - - - A right circular cylinder has a volume of 432 cubic
centimeters. The area of the base of the cylinder is
24 square centimeters. What is the height, in
centimeters, of the cylinder?
A) 18
B) 24
C) 216
D) 10,368

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

- 15 - - - - - 4, 10, 18, 4, 4, 5, 6, 5

-17 - - - - - x 2 = −841
How many distinct real solutions does the given
equation have?
A) Exactly one
B) Exactly two
C) Infinitely many
D) Zero

- 18 - - - - - 1
Line k is defined by y = 7x + . Line j is
8
perpendicular to line k in the xy-plane. What is
the slope of line j ?
A) −8
B) −
C)

1
7

1
8

D) 7

CO NTI N U E

Module

Maximum number of
Number of cars passengers and crew
3
174
5
284
10
559
The table shows the linear relationship between the
number of cars, c, on a commuter train and the
maximum number of passengers and crew, p, that
the train can carry. Which equation represents the
linear relationship between c and p ?
A) 55c − p = −9
B) 55c − p = 9
C) 55p − c = −9
D) 55p − c = 9

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

-19 - - -

If 48 c = 3 47 , what is the value of c ?

-21 - - (x − 2) − 4( y + 7) = 117
(x − 2) + 4( y + 7) = 442
The solution to the given system of equations is
(x , y ). What is the value of 6(x − 2) ?

CO NTI N U E

a1npow

- - - - - - - - --

closest to the value of p ?
A) 16
B) 21
C) 46
D) 96

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

B) f (0) = −24
C) a > b
D) a < b

In the xy-plane, a circle has center C with
coordinates (h, k ). Points A and B lie on the circle.
Point A has coordinates (h + 1, k + 102 ), and
∠ ACB is a right angle. What is the length of AB ?
A)

206

B) 2 102
C) 103 2

-~t

where p is a constant. Which of the following is

A) f (0) = 24

__t

p x

 ,
equation can be rewritten as f (x ) = 1 +

100 

f (24) < 0. Which of the following must be true?

__t

The function f is defined by the given equation. The

y = f (x ) passes through the point (−24, 0), and

__t
x
f (x ) = (1.84) 4

a and b are constants. In the xy-plane, the graph of

__t

34 · 37

The function f is defined by f (x ) = a x + b , where

- - - - - - - - --

__t

C) 34 37

__t

- - - - - - - - --

B) 26 37

- - - - - - - - --

A) 14 37

In triangle ABC , angle B is a right angle. The length
of side AB is 10 37 and the length of side BC is
24 37 . What is the length of side AC ?

D) 103 3

CO NTI N U E

Module

40
30
20
,T

,;I

,,/

.,,,

,,✓

The scatterplot shows the relationship between
two variables, x and y, for data set E. A line of best fit
is shown. Data set F is created by multiplying the
y-coordinate of each data point from data set E by
3.9. Which of the following could be an equation of a
line of best fit for data set F?
A) y = 46.8 + 5.9x
B) y = 46.8 + 1.5x
C) y = 12 + 5.9x
D) y = 12 + 1.5x

-27 - - - - - - - - ~
48x − 64y = 48y + 24
1
ry = − 12x
8
In the given system of equations, r is a constant. If
the system has no solution, what is the value of r ?

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only.
Do not turn to any other module in the test.

Unauthorized copying or reuse of any part of this page is illegal.

No Test Material On This Page

SAT®
The
T
hSAT.
e
GENERAL DIRECTIONS

• You may work on only one module at a time.
• If you finish a module before time is called, check your work on that module only.
You may NOT turn to any other module.

TIMING
Reading and Writing, Module 1: 39 minutes
Reading and Writing, Module 2: 39 minutes

10-minute break
Math, Module 1: 43 minutes
Math, Module 2: 43 minutes
The above are standard times. If you are approved for accommodations involving
additional time, you should give yourself that time when you practice.

MARKING YOUR ANSWERS
• Be sure to answer your questions properly in this book.
• Circle only one answer to each question. If you change your mind, completely
erase the circle. You will not get credit for questions with more than one answer
circled, or for questions with no answers circled.

USING YOUR TEST BOOK
• You may use the test book for scratch work.
• You may not fold or remove pages or portions of a page from this book,
or take the book from the testing room.